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The Beijing metro system, which opened in 1969, has 113 kilometers of
subway track on four lines, plus an additional 98 kilometers slated by
2010. The Guangzhou system, which opened in 1999, has 18.5 kilometers
and an additional 133 kilometers planned. Shanghai metro, which opened
in 1995, has 8 lines, 68 stations, and 82.8 kilometers of track, with
an additional 108.4 kilometers under construction or planned. The
Tianjin metro was begun in 1970 as a planned network of 153.9
kilometers on seven lines; large sections remain closed for
reconstruction, but one 26.2-kilometer-long line opened for trial
operations in June 2006. The Shenzhen metro opened in 2004, initially
with two lines, 19 stations, and 21.8 kilometers of track. Also under
construction are subway and light rail systems in Chongqing and
Nanjing, and systems are planned for Chengdu and Qingdao. Metro transit
in Hong Kong is covered by the privately operated Mass Transit Railway,
which opened in 1979 and now has six metro lines with 50 stations.
China
also has the world’s first commercial magnetic levitation (maglev)
train service. A Sino-German joint venture, 38-kilometer-long route
between downtown Shanghai and the Pudong airport opened in 2003. The
project cost US$1.2 billion and has experienced an average of 8,000
passengers per day, well below capacity. In 2004 the first Chinese-made
maglev train made its debut in Dalian, a major port city in Northeast
China’s Liaoning Province. The 10.3-meter-long train has a top speed of
just under 110 kilometers per hour. Although the cost to build was high
at US$6 million per kilometer, China’s outlay was still only one-sixth
of the world average.
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