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Shanhaiguan
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Shanhaiguan,
the strategic junction connecting North and Northeast China boasting
crucial military significance leans upon Mountain Yanshan to its north
and faces Bohai Sea to its south. The place is honorably entitled key
place of unmatched importance and the first fort under heaven.
Shanhaiguan is an all-weather tourist area. It combines clustering
ancient remains, charming views and pleasant climate in one place. It
is well known throughout the world as a world culture heritage,
national renowned historical and cultural city, national outstanding
tourist city, national AAAA scenic area, national model of smart
scenery tourist area and national top 40 tourist attraction. The place
annually receives 1.8 million tourists.
As the
eastern starting point of the Ming Dynasty Great Wall, Shanhaiguan once
saw important affairs significant to China’s military, politics and
history. General Xu Da of Ming Dynasty once set up a fort and stationed
here. Yuan Chonghuan resisted Qing force and dealt Nuerhachi a heavy
blow, Wu Sangui guided Qing troops into Shanhaiguan to defeat Farmer
fighters commanded by Li Zicheng. This was how the Qing Dynasty
replaced Ming. The Yuguan anti-Japanese battle and Shanhaiguan
defending battle during the Liberation War baptized the place with war
flames. Now there is no atmosphere of war, taken place by the unmatched
charm of antique architecture and ancient culture. Shanhaiguan bears
rich historical heritage characterized by magnificent ancient
architecture of special layout. Culture relics and ancient remains
cluster in and outside the ancient city including over 90 points rich
in development and appreciation value. Along the 26 km Great Wall
within Shanhaiguan, a complete military defense system composed of
guarding castles, side castles, fortress, watching towers, beacon tower
and shooting stage is the most precious section of the Great Wall and a
rarely seen historical cultural heritage.
Various
achievements of China’s history and culture concentrate in
Shanjhaiguan, where attractive scenery of mountain, sea and fort meet
each other. Shanhaiguan combines mountains, sea and fort into one and
coordinates natural beauty with human civilization It is a place of
interest which is precious and admirable. Lao She, the renowned poet
composed a poem to its honor which says that Shanhaiguan’s scenery is
the most affectionate, in which the mountain and the sea seem to be
brighter.
Representative scenes in Shanhaiguan include the
following:
Laolongtou, where the Great Wall meets
the sea, is like a celestial dragon swimming into the vast ocean and
stepping the waves under endless sky. The First Fort under Heaven is
the testimony of history up and downs. People marvel at seeing its
grand appearance. Great Wall at Jiaoshan winds its way along steep
ridges dotted by high-rising beacon towers. Bell sounds in ancient
temple, leading people into a fairy world. Lady Mengjiang tells how she
tried to find her husband, which accounts for one of the four major
love tales of China. Since ancient times, she had been admired and
marveled at for her loyalty for love. The Longevity Hill, where the
large ancient granite cave Xuanyang Cave locates is characterized by
strangely-shaped peaks and rocks as well as dense forest and clear
streams. The Great Wall Museum keeps records of history of the Great
Wall which lasts 2,000 years and concerns vast area. Yansai lake,
entitled Guilin in the north is a star beyond the Great Wall. The Happy
Ocean Park under construction is to be the largest and most
characterized theme park of the country which combines leisure
spending, recreation and ocean science popularization into one.
Shanhaiguan Forest Park is a natural oxygen bar encircled by mountain
and river, offering a good destination for bird seeing and leisure
spending.
Shanhaiguan sees new development
opportunity in the new century, Preservation and Development of Ancient
Shanhaiguan City is listed in provincial key projects. We shall make
full use of the opportunity and offer the world an ancient city of rich
tourist attraction endorsed by the First Fort under Heaven and the
ancient Shanhaiguan City.
The ancient city of
Shanhaiguan(including Dongluocheng) covers 1.5 million m2, composed of
the ancient inner city which covers 1.26 million and Dongluocheng
covering 240 thousand m2. Total construction area is 740 thousandm2.
The circling length of the city wall is 4,600m. There is a gate on each
side of the square city and on each gate there is to be a tower. A
defense work for face to face fighting called Wengcheng is to be built
outside each city gate. Encircling the inner city, a river is to be dug
for defense purposes. Bell and drum towers are to be built at the
center of the inner city, from where four major streets go directly to
four gates, forming the backbone of the road network layout of the
ancient city. Dongluocheng is a fore-front fighting place of
Shanhaiguan, an important component of the city’s defense works.
Donluocheng’s encircling length is 2,040m. It has three gates on
eastern, southern and northern side. There is to be a two-floor tower
on the eastern gate and a single-floor tower on the rest two gates.
Corner towers are to be built at southeast and northeast corners.
Shanhaiguan
is the first important fort along the Great Wall, which ranks first in
three major forts namely Shanhai, Jiayu and Juyong. So it suits its
title perfectly that it is the First Fort under Heaven. Its strategic
significance is unmatched in all forts along the Great Wall.
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Link
http://www.hebiic.gov.cn/shanhaiguan/e-zhengti.htm
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