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China
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Yinchuan City |
外文名称:
Yinchuan City (Ningxia)
Yinchuan, capital city of the Ningxia
Hui Autonomous Region, serves as the gate to northwest China. It has a
history of more than 1,300 years, with rich resources of
cultural relics and scenic spots.
Situated in the middle part of a vast plain, Yinchuan faces the Yellow
River in the south and has the Helan Mountain in the west.
Covering a total area of 4,487 sq km, it consists of the city proper,
two counties and the new urban area, stretching for more than
20 kilometer from east to west and 2 to 3 km from north to
south.
History
Yinchuan is a renowned frontier
city with a history of a thousand year, and people like to call it the
"city of the phoenix". in 1038, Li Yuanhao, leader of the Dangxiang
ethnic group, established the Western Xia Dynasty (1038-1227), with
Xingqing(the present-day Yinchuan) as its capital.
The Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was established
on Oct. 25th, 1958; and Yinchuan became the prime city, serving as the
political, economic and cultural center.
Natural Conditions
Yinchuan is located in
the center of the Yellow River irrigation area, with the
Yellow River to the east and Mt. Helan to the west. The
Yellow River flows through the eastern outskirts of Yinchuan,
irrigating more than 70,000 hectares of cultivated land.
The city enjoys ample sunshine, with a climate not
very hot in summer and not very cold in the winter. Its four seasons
are clearly divided, with an annual average temperature of 8-9 degrees
Centigrade and a frost-free period of about 158 days. Such
weather conditions are favorable for agricultural development
in the city, which is known as "Jiangnan (areas south of the Yangtze
River) in the North." The main native products
here include Chinese wolf berry, licorice root, Helan
ink slab, sheep skin, black moss, apple, mutton and Muslim food.
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Resources
Mt. Helan to the west of
Yinchuan has an elevation of 3,556 meters. Rich non-metallic mineral
resources, mainly coal, diabase and quartz sand, have been
discovered in the place. Zhongwei, a county 100 kilometers from
Yinchuan, is a production base of gypsum, with verified reserves of
1.267 billion tons.
Shizuishan City and
Lingwu County, both adjacent to Yinchuan, are famous coal production
bases in China. They have fine-quality coal reserves estimated at 30.45
billion tons. The newly-discovered Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia super-large
oil and gas field is also very near Yinchuan, providing a
very good opportunity for the city to develop the chemical
industry.
Administration
Yinchuan now has two
counties (Yongning and Helan) and three districts (Urban
District, New Urban District and Suburban District) under its
jurisdiction. It covers a total area of 3,499 square
kilometers, including an urban area of 1,457 square
kilometers). At the end of 1995, its population stood at
893,800, including 163,200 Hui people, accounting for 18.25%
and 476,300 non-agricultural residents.
Economy
Over the past four decades and
especially since the late 1970s, Yinchuan has reported steady economic
growth, constant progress in social undertakings and substantial
expansion of its comprehensive economic strength. In 1995,
its gross domestic product reached 6.2 billion yuan, comprising 1.01
billion yuan from the primary industry, 2.91 billion from the secondary
industry and 2.28 billion yuan from the tertiary industry.
To give fuller play to its agricultural
advantages, the city government has worked out two rural
development programs -- Rural Well-Off Program and Food
Basket Program. These programs are designed to introduce
market forces into the rural economy.
The city's industrial sector has developed and improved constantly. By
now, Yinchuan has established four pillar industries, namely, chemicals
based on chemical fertilizer, oil refining, tires, conveyor belts,
metallic sodium, synthetic detergents and plastic products; machinery
based on bearings, cranes, machine tools, transformers, electric
welding rods, auto fittings and ferro-silicon; food processing based on
citric acid, dairy products, canned asparagus and liquor; and building
materials based on glass, silicon carbide, cement and steel windows.
Yinchuan is an important commercial city along the
ancient Silk Road and the new Eurasia Land Bridge. In recent years, it
has built and expanded a number of large and medium-sized commercial
facilities, such as the Ningxia Market, Xinhua Shopping Center and
Yinchuan Market. Its circulation function and extension force have
become more powerful. Its drive of opening to
external investment has been stepped up and its foreign trade has
developed.
Education
The city government also has launched
the "Scientific-technological and Education Development Program" to
promote local economic construction and coordinated development of all
social undertakings.
The nine-year compulsory
education program has become universal in the whole city, with the
in-school rate of school-age children hitting 100%, that of primary
schools hitting 98.3%, and that of junior middle schools hitting
64.6%. In 1995, the number of students in universities and
colleges reached 9,901; that in adult higher education schools, 5,845;
and that in polytechnic schools, 14,039.
Yinchuan
enjoys ample electricity supply as it is located between the Shizuishan
and Qingtongxia power stations. It has four waterworks with a
daily supply capacity of 140,000 cubic meters, sufficient for its
production and local people's lives.
Communication
Yinchuan is the communications hub
in Ningxia. Its civil aviation industry has opened five
routes to Beijing, Xi'an, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Chengdu.
When the new Yinchuan Hedong Airport opens to traffic, the
annual passenger handling capacity will reach 600,000 person
times. The city is cut through by the Baotou-Lanzhou Railway
Line, with direct railway services to Beijing and Lanzhou.
There are many highways in the city, which are connected to
those in neighboring provinces and regions. The city also has opened
direct dialing telephone services to 196 other countries and regions,
as well as to 1,046 Chinese cities.
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