外文名称:
Situated
in the heart of the Songliao plains in Northeast China, Changchun is
the capital city of Jilin Province and the the province's political,
economic, scientific and cultural center. Of
its total area of 18,881 sq km, the urban area occupies 134 sq km. It
has under its jurisdiction six urban districts of Chaoyang,Kuancheng,
Nanguan, Erdao, Luyuan and Shuangcheng, three cities of Jiutai, Yushu
and Dehui, and one county of Nong'an. Changchun has a population of
6.673 million, of whom 2.7 million live in the urban areas.
Changchun is richly endowed with mineral
resources, with 39 proven reserves including petroleum, natural gas,
coal and oilshale. Its coal reserve is estimated at
400 million tons, oilshale reserve at more than 10 billion tons,
quality limestone reserve at more than 300 million tons and bentonite
at over 200 million tons.
Changchun,
first built in 1800, was occupied by Japanese imperialists
after the "September 18 Incident" in 1931. The city was
chosen as the capital of the Japan-installed puppet "State of
Manchuria" and renamed as "Xinjing (the new capital)". On
October 19, 1948, Changchun was liberated by the Chinese People's
Liberation Army and established as a special city. In 1953, Changchun
became a city directly under the administration of the
central government. Next year it was incorporated into Jilin Province
and became the provincial capital. In 1992, it was designated
by the state as an open border city.
Changchun has a solid industrial basis
and an enormous resource potential. Years of construction
efforts have turned Changchun into an important manufacturing
base of communications and transportation equipment in China, with an
industrial system consisting of 128 sectors and more than 3,000
varieties of products. In particular, the China No.1 Automotive
Corporation, the Changchun Bus Factory and the Changchun Tractor Plant
account for one-fifth, one-third and one-tenth of China's total output
of automobiles, railway carriages and tractors, respectively. The Audi,
Jetta and Golf cars produced by the China No.1 Automotive
Corporation and foreign partners, have become favorite brand names in
the Chinese auto market.
Changchun
is also one of China's major producers of maize, peanuts, rice and
sorghum. The counties and cities under its jurisdiction produce 6.5
billion kg of grain a year, thus ranking
Changchun first among China's large and medium-sized cities in terms of
total grain output and market ability.
Changchun boasts of 104 research
institutions, 11 key national laboratories and a professional and
technical force of 319,000. In 1995, scientific advance contributed 45%
of the economic growth. Besides, Changchun has 32
institutions of higher learning, 586 secondary schools and 1,922
primary schools as well as more than 30 institutions of higher learning
for adults. Research and design units and the institutions of higher
learning cover more than 300 branches of learning. In particular, the
Changchun branch of the Chinese Academy of Sciences is a leading
researcher in the applied optics, photoelectricity, new materials, high
polymer chemistry, superconductor and automobile technologies.
A communications hub in Northeast China,
Changchun has railway and highway links with Liaoning
Province, Heilongjiang Province and the
Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan triangle. The Changchun International Airport
operates periodic chartered flights to Japan, the Republic of Korea,
and Russia, in addition to regular flights to Hong Kong. And
a new international airport is being built. In
telecommunications, Changchun has 530,000
telephones and
long-distance program controlled telephone and fax links with
nearly 400 cities in China and more than 180 countries and
regions. The city can receive microwave and satellite communications.
Municipal facilities are constantly improving, which can supply 660,000
tons of water to
the urban areas daily. Pipe water reaches
93% of urban households. The city can supply 600,000 cu m of natural
gas daily to 81.6% of households.
In attracting foreign investment,
Changchun places emphasis on continuously expanding the scale
of the development zones. The Changchun High-Tech Industrial
Development zone occupies an area of 20 sq km. It is housing 718
high-tech enterprises, of which 146 are foreign-funded. The
30-sq km zone is a national one, with 1,038 Chinese and foreign-funded
enterprises. The Changchun Automobile Trading Center has been approved
to become a national auto wholesale market, occupying an area of 200 sq
km. Taking advantage of the resources of the Jingyuetan National Forest
Park, a center is being built into a fully functional and highly
export-oriented new urban district. Changchun has established stable
economic and trade links with 57 countries and regions. At present the
city has 1,935 foreign-funded enterprises, with a total foreign
investment of 1.7 billion dollars.
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